“The Formation of Lincolnville: A Free Black Community in St Augustine” explores the remarkable history of a small community in St Augustine, Florida, that emerged as a haven for formerly enslaved African Americans seeking freedom. In the late 17th century, a group of enslaved individuals arrived in St Augustine, hoping to find sanctuary and protection. They found solace in the Spanish colony, where they were granted certain rights and freedom through military service or conversion to Catholicism. Over the next 76 years, this community transformed St Augustine into a just and egalitarian society.
Eventually, the town of Fort Mose was established as the first legally sanctioned free Black settlement in the future United States. Although the residents of Fort Mose were forced to leave when Florida was traded to the British in 1763, a new free Black community called Lincolnville emerged in St Augustine after the abolition of slavery. Today, the reconstructed Fort Mose and its museum stand as a testament to the history and contributions of this influential community during both the time of its establishment and the Civil Rights movement.
Table of Contents
Arrival of Enslaved Black People in St Augustine
In 1687, a group of enslaved Black people arrived in St Augustine, Florida, seeking freedom and protection. They had heard that St Augustine was a religious sanctuary that offered freedom to those who converted to Catholicism. These individuals saw an opportunity to escape the harsh conditions and brutal treatment they were subjected to as slaves.
Upon their arrival, they approached the governor and requested permission to convert to Catholicism. They believed that by embracing the local religion, they could secure their freedom. This request reflected the deep desire of these enslaved individuals to attain a better and more humane life. They had hope that by aligning themselves with the Catholic community, they would find safety and liberation from the bondage of slavery.
Creation of an Underground Railroad
The arrival of enslaved Black people in St Augustine in 1687 marked the beginning of an early Underground Railroad that ran south, contrary to the more widely known northward route. As news of the potential for freedom in St Augustine spread, more Black people from British Colonies in Georgia and the Carolinas began to escape and make their way to the city. They sought refuge and liberation from the oppressive conditions in which they lived as slaves.
The creation of this Underground Railroad demonstrated the resilience and determination of enslaved individuals to seek freedom, even in the face of tremendous adversity. By utilizing their knowledge of the land and established networks, these brave individuals navigated their way to St Augustine in pursuit of a better life.
Spanish View on Slavery and Rights of Enslaved People
Unlike the British Colonies, Spain held a different perspective on slavery and recognized certain rights and protections for enslaved individuals. In St Augustine, these rights included being treated humanely and the opportunity to pursue freedom through military service or conversion to Catholicism.
The Spanish view on slavery was more lenient compared to their British counterparts. They understood the inherent humanity of enslaved people and acknowledged their rights as individuals. By granting them certain privileges and pathways to freedom, the Spanish created an environment that offered hope for those seeking liberation from slavery.
Transformation of St Augustine into a Just and Egalitarian Society
The arrival of the group of enslaved Black people in 1687 marked the beginning of a transformative period for St Augustine. The community of formerly enslaved African Americans living as free people brought about significant changes in the town, fostering a more just and egalitarian society.
The presence of these individuals challenged the existing social structure and norms of the time, prompting a reevaluation of the treatment of Black people in society. The experiences and perspectives shared by the liberated community shed light on the inherent injustices of slavery, paving the way for a more compassionate and inclusive society. Over a span of 76 years, the town of St Augustine underwent a profound transformation, driven by the resilience and courage of those who had been enslaved.
Establishment of Fort Mose
In 1738, Fort Mose was established just north of St Augustine, becoming the first legally sanctioned free Black settlement in what would later become the United States. The fort served as a safe haven for escaped slaves and those seeking freedom from British rule.
Within the walls of Fort Mose, Black residents enjoyed equal rights and protections as their white counterparts. This marked a stark contrast to the oppressive and discriminatory environment faced by many Black individuals in other parts of the country during this time. Fort Mose stood as a beacon of hope and a testament to the pursuit of justice and equality.
British Takeover and Forced Relocation
In 1763, as a result of the Treaty of Paris, Spain traded Florida to the British. This transfer of power had significant consequences for the residents of Fort Mose and the Native American people in the area. In order to avoid living under British rule, the inhabitants of Fort Mose, along with the Native American population, were brutally forced to relocate.
The forced relocation represented a devastating blow to the freedom and security that had been established in St Augustine. The community that had worked tirelessly to build a just and egalitarian society faced displacement once again, amplifying the injustices that were prevalent during this time.
Formation of Lincolnville
Following the end of slavery, a free Black community known as Lincolnville was formed in St Augustine. This community became a haven for formerly enslaved individuals who were seeking a new beginning and a place to call their own.
The formation of Lincolnville demonstrated the resilience of the African American community and their determination to create a better future for themselves. This community became a strong pillar within the broader St Augustine society and played a crucial role in shaping the history and culture of the city.
Role of Lincolnville in the Civil Rights Movement
Lincolnville played a pivotal role in the Civil Rights movement. The residents of this community were at the forefront of the struggle for equality and justice, advocating for the end of segregation and racial discrimination.
The contributions of Lincolnville’s residents to the Civil Rights movement cannot be overstated. Through their activism, demonstrations, and unwavering commitment to justice, they worked towards dismantling systemic racism and securing equal rights for all individuals. The legacy of their efforts continues to inspire future generations in the ongoing fight for equality.
Reconstruction of Fort Mose and Historical Significance
Today, Fort Mose has been reconstructed at its second location, serving as a reminder of its historical significance. The fort now stands as a museum, showcasing the history of Fort Mose and the free Black settlement. It serves as a testament to the resilience and determination of those who fought for freedom and justice.
The museum within Fort Mose provides visitors with a comprehensive understanding of the struggles and triumphs of the free Black community during this period. It highlights the stories of the individuals who sought refuge and liberation in St Augustine and their contributions to the Civil Rights era.
Through its exhibits and educational programs, the museum fosters a deeper appreciation for the significance of Fort Mose in the broader context of American history. It serves as a reminder of the ongoing fight for equality and social justice, emphasizing the importance of preserving and sharing these stories for future generations.
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